Ichthyology & Herpetology Volume 107: Issue 2

Etheostoma cyanorum, endemic to the Blue River drainage of southern Oklahoma, is redescribed and recognized as a distinct species within the Etheostoma whipplei–Etheostoma radiosum complex, separating it from E. radiosum. Originally described as Poecilichthys radiosus cyanorum, it was one of three putative subspecies of E. radiosum (with E. r. radiosum and E. r. paludosum) considered valid until now, defined in part by drainage-specific allopatry. Two separate mtDNA gene trees show that E. cyanorum forms a distinct and strongly supported lineage. Ten meristic and 16 morphometric traits are reexamined and new information included, confirming traits separating E. cyanorum from E. radiosum, and clarifying ambiguities about “bluntness of the snout” as diagnostic for P. r. cyanorum. Etheostoma cyanorum differs from E. radiosum by lower counts of unpored lateral line scales, higher counts of pored lateral line scales, and greater interorbital width. Large adult E. cyanorum have a deep body and blunt snout per earlier studies, but those traits are not diagnostic due to allometry. Head depth and head width can separate E. cyanorum from most populations of E. radiosum, but they overlap with some populations of E. radiosum in southwest Arkansas. All evidence supports recognition of E. cyanorum as a valid species. A broad geographic, molecular assessment to supplement existing morphological information is needed to assess validity of the two remaining subspecies of E. radiosum.

The dynamic, multiscale nature of stream systems makes it challenging to establish basic ecological principles to guide stream fish conservation and management. For example, finer-scale instream habitat is often constrained by coarser-scale characteristics driving observed species distributions. Additionally, instream environmental variability can result in patchy species distributions within general upstream–downstream occurrence patterns (i.e., variation around a common theme). Groundwater contribution, an often-overlooked habitat characteristic in warmwater systems, has numerous influences on the instream environment and can play a role in fish habitat-use patterns and assemblage structure. We identified multiscale instream habitat characteristics associated with the occurrence probability of 20 Ozark Highland stream fishes. Fishes were surveyed using tow-barge electrofishing in 76 channel unit complexes (i.e., riffle-to-riffle habitat sequences) nested in 20 reaches of northwest Oklahoma and southwest Missouri. We used a multiscale, multispecies generalized linear mixed model to identify relationships between fish occurrence and both channel unit complex- and reach-scale variables. Stream fishes were more likely to occur in larger or deeper channel unit complexes. Fish occurrence was also associated with different levels of reach-scale groundwater contribution, bankfull width-to-depth ratio, and percent instream cover. Ten fishes, typically associated with warmer water temperatures, had lower occurrence probabilities in reaches with higher groundwater contribution, whereas Banded Sculpin Cottus carolinae and Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus occurrence probabilities were higher. There was no relationship between occurrence probabilities and instream cover for 11 fishes. The occurrence probabilities in relation to varying amounts of instream cover for the other nine stream fishes was dependent on bankfull width-to-depth ratio, where the direction and magnitude of the relationships varied among stream fishes. The variation in occurrence relationships can be attributed to thermal preferences, environmental interactions, and the use of multiple habitat types. Our findings demonstrate the multiscale nature of fish occurrence relationships and how conservation and management may benefit from considering this complexity when developing holistic instream habitat enhancement strategies.

A new species of Moenkhausia is described from Rio Curicuriari and Rio Tiquié, both right-bank tributaries of the upper Rio Negro basin, Amazonas State, Brazil. The new taxon differs from all congeners, except M. agnesae and M. beninei, by the combination of a sinuous humeral blotch, similar to a compressed letter Z, and distinct dark longitudinal stripes along the body sides. The new species can be distinguished from M. agnesae and M. beninei by the presence of a single humeral blotch and of longitudinal stripes running through the center of the scales, more conspicuous dorsally.

Aaron M. Bauer,

Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085; Email: aaron.bauer@villanova.edu.

A Naturalist's Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

This book undertakes the daunting task of presenting the diverse reptile fauna of South Asia in a compact volume suitable for use by non-specialists. The authors, Indraneil and Abhijit Das (no relation), are among the most active and accomplished Indian herpetologists, and both are prolific writers and photographers. The former has pursued a diversity of systematic, biogeographic, and biological topics on the reptiles of India (and tropical

Redescription and Recognition of Etheostoma cyanorum from Blue River, Oklahoma

Multiscale Habitat Factors Explain Variability in Stream Fish Occurrence in the Ozark Highlands Ecoregion, USA

A New Species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Upper Rio Negro Basin, Brazil

Redescription of the Blind Snake Anomalepis colombia (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) Using High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography

Macroinvertebrate Foraging on Larval Ambystoma maculatum across Ontogeny

New Polychromatic Species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from the Eastern Portion of the Colombian Andes

Predicting Climate-Induced Distributional Shifts for Puerto Rican Anoles

Discerning the Environmental Drivers of Annual Migrations in an Endangered Amphibian

Discovery of a Distinctive Spotted Color Pattern in the Cuskeel Neobythites unicolor (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) Based on Underwater-Vehicle Dives, with New Records from the Southern and Eastern Caribbean

Endoscopy and Cannulation as Non-Invasive Tools to Identify Sex and Monitor Reproductive Development in Arapaima gigas

A Tale of Two Skates: Comparative Phylogeography of North American Skate Species with Implications for Conservation

Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Macana Tigrina, Gymnotus javari (Gymnotidae, Gymnotiformes)

A New Species of Parmaturus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic

A New Species of Damselfish (Teleostei: Pomacentridae: Pomacentrus) from Nosy Faho, Madagascar

Soil Type Impacts Macrohabitat Selection and Spatiotemporal Activity Patterns of Testudo graeca in an Eastern Mediterranean Ecosystem

Revisions of Anatomical Descriptions of the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus in Moray Eels of the Family Muraenidae (Teleostei: Anguilliformes)

Victor Hobbs Hutchison

Richard Highton

Harry John Grier (1940–2018)

Jean Richard Dunn (1934–2017)

Book Reviews

A Naturalist's Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

Editorial Notes and News

NOTE FROM THE EDITOR: BEST PAPERS IN COPEIA 2018

Sexual Selection and Sexual Dimorphism in Foreclaw Length of Pseudemys

Frequency of Multiple Paternity in Tope (Galeorhinus galeus) from California and Australia

A Comparative Study on the Spawning and Reproductive Potential of Rocky Reef Fishes from the Buenos Aires Coastal Area, Argentina

Gary Bucciarelli, Ph.D.

Bárbara B. Calegari, Ph.D.

Interpopulational Variation in Litter Size of the Skink Mabuya agilis in Southeastern Brazil

Communication by Fecal Chemosignals in an Archaic Frog, Leiopelma hamiltoni

UV-B Induced Skin Darkening in Larval Salamanders Does Not Prevent Sublethal Effects of Exposure on Growth

Hemoglobin Variation and Comments on Systematic Relationships in the Turtle Family Emydidae

Otocinclus tapirape: A New Hypoptopomatine Catfish from Central Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)