Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 18 Dec 2012

A New Genus and Species of a Minute Suckermouth Armored Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins Drainage, Central Brazil: The Smallest Known Loricariid Catfish

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Page Range: 637 – 647
DOI: 10.1643/CI-11-137
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Nannoplecostomus eleonorae, a new genus and species of a miniature suckermouth armored catfish, is described based on specimens collected from the karst region of São Domingos, upper Rio Tocantins basin, Goiás State, central Brazil. The new genus and species can be diagnosed among loricariids by presenting a unique reductive pattern of lateral dermal plates, with most of the body covered by only three series of plates (viz., dorsal, mid-ventral, and ventral). Based on the available published phylogenetic studies for the family, we provisionally consider Nannoplecostomus eleonorae as being an incertae sedis taxon within Loricariidae. Achieving a maximum standard length of 22.2 mm SL, Nannoplecostomus eleonorae is the smallest known loricariid catfish, and a list of the remaining smallest loricariids is provided.

É descrito um novo gênero e espécie de cascudo miniaturizado, Nannoplecostomus eleonorae, baseado em espécimes coletados na região de carste de São Domingos, bacia do alto rio Tocantins, estado de Goiás, Brasil central. O novo gênero e espécie pode ser diagnosticado dos demais loricarídeos por apresentar um padrão de redução das placas dérmicas laterais único, em que a maior parte do corpo é recoberta por apenas três séries de placas (viz., séries dorsal, médio-ventral e ventral). Baseado nos estudos filogenéticos publicados para a família, consideramos Nannoplecostomus eleonorae como sendo um táxon incertae sedis dentro de Loricariidae. Atingindo um comprimento padrão máximo de 22,2 mm CP, Nannoplecostomus eleonorae é o menor loricarídeo conhecido, e uma lista dos demais menores loricarídeos é fornecida.

Copyright: 2012 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Nannoplecostomus eleonorae, holotype, MZUSP 106059, 21.3 mm SL, in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views.


Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Trunk lateral plate pattern of Nannoplecostomus eleonorae (anterior to left). Paratype, CPUFMT 611, 21.7 mm SL.


Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Head and pectoral girdle of Nannoplecostomus eleonorae in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views (anterior to left). Paratype, CPUFMT 611, 21.7 mm SL.


Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Map of South America showing the known distribution of Nannoplecostomus eleonorae at the upper Rio Tocantins basin (star) and adjoining major river basins.


Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Hypostominae diagnostic characters proposed by Armbruster (2008) and their conditions observed in Nannoplecostomus eleonorae. (A) A short accessory process of ceratobranchial 1 with less than length of main body of ceratobranchial; dorsal view, anterior up; arrow 1; (B) a rounded or moderately tall ridge on lateral ethmoid; ventral view, anterior to right; arrow 2; (C) lower half of hypural plate longer than upper; arrow 3; (D) a V-shaped dorsal-fin spinelet; (E) the presence of a posteroventral ridge of the basipterygium; arrow 4.


Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Hypostomini diagnostic characters proposed by Armbruster (2008) found in Nannoplecostomus eleonorae. (A) The presence of a hatchet-shaped opercle; arrow 1 indicates a moderately concave anteroventral margin making it hatchet-shaped; (B) posterior margin of the exposed cleithrum tapering posteriorly to a point; arrow 2.


Contributor Notes

Associate Editor: R. E. Reis.

Received: 26 Sept 2011
Accepted: 03 Jun 2012
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