A New Fossil Amiid from the Eocene of Senegal and the Persistence of Extinct Marine Amiids after the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary
We report a new fossil amiid from Eocene rocks of West Africa representing the first record of this clade from Senegal. The new specimen has a maxilla that is very similar in size to that of Amia calva. It is distinctly smaller than reported remains of another West African Eocene taxon, †Maliamia gigas. We tentatively refer the Senegal specimen to Vidalamiini because it has the large postmaxillary process diagnostic of this clade; however, it also exhibits anatomical features not previously described in extinct amiids. We recovered the specimen in rocks of the Lam-Lam Formation in Central-Western Senegal that we interpret to have been a shallow marine depositional environment. The occurrence of an Eocene marine amiid contradicts existing hypotheses that marine amiids were generally absent after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary having been replaced by freshwater taxa. Research completed since the initial discovery of †Maliamia gigas indicates that this Eocene taxon was also found in shallow marine rocks. Nous avons découvert un poisson fossile dans les sédiments éocènes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, le premier représentant du clade des Amiidae au Sénégal. Le nouveau fossile a presque la même taille que l'espèce actuelle, Amia calva. Le fossile sénégalais a une longue processus postmaxillaire diagnostique de Vidalamiini. Le fossile montre aussi plusieurs charactéristiques anatomiques qui n'ont jamais été décrites chez les Amiidés fossiles. Nous avons trouvé le fossile dans les sédiments de la Formation du Lam-Lam au Centre-Ouest du Sénégal, et nous les interprétons comme des sédiments marins. La découverte d'un amiidé dans les gisements éocènes marins contredit l'hypothèse selon laquelle on ne trouve plus d'amiidés marins au-dessus de la limite Crétacé–Paléogène et qu'ils ont été remplacés par les amiidés d'eau douce. Les travaux stratigraphiques menés depuis la découverte de †Maliamia gigas ont montré que cette espèce était aussi présente dans les gisements marins.

Geographic location, Tewrou Poram, that yielded the fossil amiid and a composite section from the region. The amiid specimen came from level 1c of the lower Lutetian Lam-Lam Formation. The Saloum Formation lies unconformably on the Lam-Lam Formation. Units are separated by “?” because the thickness of these extremely hard-to-access layers can only be estimated. The oyster species noted is †Ostrea meunieri, an index fossil for the Lutetian of the Senegal basin.

Vidalamiini, incertae sedis, from the Eocene of Senegal (A–B) compared with Amia calva AMNH 90970 SD (C) and two extinct members of Vidalamiini, †Vidalamia catalunica (D, redrawn from Grande and Bemis, 1998:fig. 253) and †Calamopleurus africanus (E, redrawn from Forey and Grande, 1998:fig. 2). Left maxillae, lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Vidalamiini, incertae sedis, from the Eocene of Senegal (CAD-SBU-1; A–B) compared with Amia calva AMNH 90970 SD (C). Left maxillae in medial views. The large posterior fossa is absent in A. calva. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Vidalamiini, incertae sedis, from the Eocene of Senegal (CAD-SBU-1; A–B) compared with Amia calva AMNH 90970 SD (C) and with †Maliamia gigas (redrawn from Grande and Bemis, 1998:fig. 321). Left maxillae in ventral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Contributor Notes
Associate Editor: W. L. Smith.