Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 27 Dec 2011

New Species of Steindachnerina (Characiformes: Curimatidae) from the Rio Tapajós, Brazil, and Review of the Genus in the Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu Basins

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Page Range: 523 – 529
DOI: 10.1643/CI-10-188
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Abstract

A new species of Steindachnerina, family Curimatidae, is described from the headwaters of the Rio Jamanxim in the central portion of the Rio Tapajós basin of the Brazilian Amazon. The species is distinguished from its congeners on the basis of pigmentation and various meristic and morphometric features. The phylogenetic placement of the new species within Steindachnerina is investigated, and notwithstanding the similarities in pigmentation patterns between that species and S. fasciata, those forms were not found to be closely related. The new species represents the first reported occurrence of a species of Steindachnerina within the Rio Tapajós, the fifth largest component of the Amazon. The occurrence of a second species of the genus, S. fasciata, in the Rio Teles Pires, another tributary of the Rio Tapajós basin is also documented. Steindachnerina brevipinna, a species widespread through major portions of the Río de La Plata system, is confirmed to occur in the Rio Xingu of the Amazon basin.

Uma nova espécie de Steindachnerina, família Curimatidae, é descrita de nascentes do rio Jamanxim, no trecho médio da bacia do rio Tapajós na Amazônia brasileira. A espécie distingue-se de suas congêneres com base no colorido e diversos caracteres merísticos e morfométricos. O posicionamento filogenético da nova espécie em Steindachnerina é proposto e, apesar das semelhanças no padrão de colorido entre a espécie e S. fasciata, uma relação próxima entre ambas não foi observada. A nova espécie representa a primeira ocorrência de Steindachnerina no rio Tapajós, o quinto maior componente da bacia amazônica. A ocorrência de uma segunda espécie do gênero, S. fasciata, no rio Teles Pires, outro tributário da bacia do rio Tapajós, também é documentada. A ocorrência de Steindachnerina brevipinna, espécie de ampla distribuição no sistema do rio da Prata, é confirmada no rio Xingu na bacia amazônica.

Copyright: 2011 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 1. 

Steindachnerina seriata, holotype, MZUSP 97569, 78.9 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, Novo Progresso, Rio Jamanxim, Rio Tapajós basin.


Fig. 2. 
Fig. 2. 

Map of the Rio Tapajós and adjoining portions of the Rio Madeira and Rio Xingu basins showing collecting localities for Steindachnerina seriata (squares; filled in symbol indicates holotype locality), S. fasciata (dots; for other sites of occurrence of species in Rio Madeira basin see Vari, 1991a:fig. 41), and S. brevipinna (star). Symbols may represent more than one collection event.


Fig. 3. 
Fig. 3. 

Most parsimonious cladogram depicting hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among species of Steindachnerina. Length  =  53 steps. Consistency Index  =  0.64. Retention Index  =  0.87. See Appendix A in Lucinda and Vari (2009) for descriptions of characters and character states. Numbers above branches are node numbers. Synapomorphies for the genus, node 1, discussed in text. Common synapomorphies in all four most parsimonious trees (character codes are followed by character-state transformations): (2) 3: 0>1; 24: 0>1. (3) 9: 0>1; 15: 0>1; 16: 0>1; 17: 0>1; 20: 0>1; 21: 0>1. (4) 21:0>1. (5) 24: 1>0; 25: 1>0; 26: 0>1; 27: 0>1; 28: 0>1. (6) 1: 0>1; 2: 0>1; 4: 0>1; 6: 1>2. (7) 23: 0>2. (8) 1: 1>2; 7: 0>1. (9) 1: 2>3; 11: 0>1; 12: 0>1. (10) 13: 0>1; 14: 0>1. (11) 23: 2>0. (12) 19: 1>2. (13) 18: 0>1; 19: 0>1; 26: 0>1; 27: 0>1. Known autapomorphies including autapomorphic reversals for species: S. dobula—25: 1>0. S. hypostoma—25: 1>0. S. notograptos—11: 0>1; 12: 0>1; 22: 0>1; 26: 0>1; 28: 0>1; 29: 0>1. S. quasimodoi—2: 1>0. S. seriata—22: 0>1.


Contributor Notes

Associate Editor: D. Buth.

Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-mail: alnferreira@gmail.com.
Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-159, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012; E-mail: varir@si.edu. Send reprint requests to this address.
Received: 06 Dec 2010
Accepted: 05 Jul 2011
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