Casting the Percomorph Net Widely: The Importance of Broad Taxonomic Sampling in the Search for the Placement of Serranid and Percid Fishes
The limits and relationships of serranid and percid fishes, in the context of the percomorph radiation, were resolved using 4036 aligned base pairs of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data for 180 acanthomorph species. Representatives of all major serranid and percid lineages were analyzed along with 91 additional families from six acanthomorph orders and 25 suborders. Percidae was recovered as monophyletic, and the traditional Serranidae was recovered as polyphyletic, forming five clades: Niphon, Acanthistius, Epinephelinae (less Niphon), Anthiinae (less Acanthistius and Zalanthias kelloggi [formerly included in Plectranthias]), Serraninae (including Zalanthias kelloggi). These traditional “percoid” families were separated from all other “percoid” taxa and recovered within a clade composed of the mail-cheeked fishes and their allies. Based on the evidence provided in this molecular study and prior morphological studies, we recommend taxonomic changes to the Perciformes, Percoidei, Trachinoidei, and Serranidae, we resurrect the Epinephelidae and Niphonidae, and we create a new group, the Moronoidei, to reflect our recovered relationships.Abstract
Part I of the strict consensus of four equally most parsimonious trees recovered (tree length 18,577 steps) by direct optimization of the data set composed of 4,036 aligned base pairs. Numbers on branches represent Bremer support (above) and jackknife resampling values ≥ 50% (below). An “*” represents a jackknife resampling value of 95% or higher.
Part II of the strict consensus of four equally most parsimonious trees presented in Figure 1. All traditionally recognized “serranid” taxa are underlined. Lettered clade designations are as follows: A—Epinephelidae; B—Serranidae; C—Serraninae; D—Anthiinae; E—Percoidei; F—Notothenioidea; G—Percidae; H—Trachininae.
Contributor Notes
(WLS) American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024; and (MTC) Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, Present address: (MTC) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kanehoe, Hawaii 96744.E-mail: (WLS) leosmith@amnh.org; and (MTC) mtcraig@hawaii.edu. Send reprint requests to WLS.