Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 01 Aug 2002

Ten New Species of Psednos (Pisces, Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans

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Page Range: 755 – 778
DOI: 10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0755:TNSOPP]2.0.CO;2
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Abstract

For more than 60 years, the mesopelagic liparid genus Psednos was known from the holotype and paratype of a single species collected off South Africa and described in 1927. Over the last decade, examination of material from collections around the world has revealed specimens from all oceans except the South Atlantic. In this paper, we describe 10 more species of the genus from the north Atlantic and north and south Pacific Oceans. In addition, we partially describe, but do not name, three previously unknown species of which we have specimens in very poor condition and provide a provisional key to all known species. The new taxa bring the number of known Psednos species to more than 25.

Copyright: The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
 Fig. 1. 
 Fig. 1. 

Collection locations of new Psednos species

 Fig. 2. 
 Fig. 2. 

Psednos dentatus n. sp., holotype, SIO 72–154, 57 mm SL. Sensory pores reconstructed to represent usual pore pattern. (A) Arrow-shaped tooth, length approximately 0.25 mm

 Fig. 3. 
 Fig. 3. 

Psednos melanocephalus n. sp., holotype, LACM 10011–13, 48 mm SL. Caudal fin rays missing. Number of pm pores reconstructed to represent usual pore arrangement. Coronal pore not visible. (A) Conical tooth, length approximately 0.1 mm. (B) Gill arch of holotype, showing unmodified arrangement of gill rakers. (C) Pectoral girdle P 835, ends of rays broken

 Fig. 4. 
 Fig. 4. 

Psednos mexicanus n. sp., holotype, LACM 30028–20, 51 mm SL. Coronal pore not visible. (A) Schematic view of paired gill rakers on gill arch. (B) Gill raker; pyramidal, spinule plate triangular, flat; spinules conical, uniserial row of 5–6 spinules on lateral margins of spinule plate. (C) Ventro-lateral view of stomach (black), pyloric caeca (pale) and anterior part of intestine (brown)

 Fig. 5. 
 Fig. 5. 

Psednos spirohira n. sp., holotype, BMNH 2001.9.7:1, 38.5 mm SL. Only interorbital pores present, other pores damaged. Gill opening reconstructed after Andriashev (1992). (A) Pectoral girdle P 374 (Andriashev, 1992:fig. 8; 1993a:fig. 2; 1993b:fig.2c). (B) Right lateral view of liver (l), testes (g), and intestine (i) with pale ascending part and pale descending part forming two short parallel rings

 Fig. 6. 
 Fig. 6. 

Radiograph of Psednos spirohira n. sp., holotype, BMNH 2001.9.7:1, RN 10591. (Andriashev, 1992:fig.3c—in legend erroneously designated as “Radiograph No. 14700)

 Fig. 7. 
 Fig. 7. 

(A) Radiograph of Psednos islandicus n. sp., holotype, BMNH 2001.9.7:2, RN 10590. (B) Pectoral girdle, P 373. (C) Right lateral view of liver (l), testes (g), and intestine (i) with brown ascending part and pale descending part; narrow gap represents large intestinal loop behind lower intestine

 Fig. 8. 
 Fig. 8. 

Psednos cathetostomus n. sp., holotype, LACM 9861–22, 32 mm SL. (A) Gill raker of Paratype, LACM 9861–41. (B) LACM 9861–41, right pect. girdle. (C) Holotype, LACM 9861–22, ventral view of stomach (cardiac part brownish-black, pyloric part pale), pyloric caeca (pale) and anterior part of intestine (dark)

 Fig. 9. 
 Fig. 9. 

Psednos pallidus n. sp., holotype, SIO 66–31, 59.7 mm SL. Pores reconstructed to usual pattern, except for coronal pore. (A) Gill arch with compressed, paired rakers. (B) Gill raker with spinules. (C) Gill rakers of arches interdigitate

 Fig. 10. 
 Fig. 10. 

Psednos griseus n. sp., holotype, SIO 60–287, 36.5 mm SL. Pores reconstructed to usual pattern, except for coronal pore. (A) Ventral view of stomach, pyloric caeca and anterior part of intestine

 Fig. 11. 
 Fig. 11. 

Psednos delawarei n. sp., holotype, MCZ 158611, 35 mm SL. (A) skin above anal fin origin magnified to show stellate pigmentation

 Fig. 12. 
 Fig. 12. 

Psednos anoderkes n. sp., holotype, SIO 66–31(b), 27 mm SL. Pores absent owing to damage

 Fig. 13. 
 Fig. 13. 

Psednos sp. 1, SIO 55–246. (A) Schematic view; gill rakers alternating, compressed distally. (B) Gill raker, showing flat, long, longitudinally oval spinule plate. Two uniserial rows of 8–9 spinules each

 Fig. 14. 
 Fig. 14. 

Psednos sp. 2, SIO 61–46.(A) Schematic view; gill rakers paired, compressed distally. (B) Gill raker, showing flat, short, longitudinally oval spinule plate. Two uniserial rows of 5–6 spinules each

 Fig. 15. 
 Fig. 15. 

Psednos sp. 3, SIO 61–44. Gill arch and gill rakers. (A) Tooth. (B) Schematic view; spinule plate triangular with rounded tip, with 14–15 clumped spinules. (C) Raker. (D) Ventral view of stomach, pyloric caeca and intestine

Received: 21 Sept 2001
Accepted: 01 Mar 2002
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