Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 01 Dec 2001

Redescription of the Lycodes pallidus Species Complex (Pisces, Zoarcidae), with a New Species from the Arctic/North Atlantic Ocean

Page Range: 972 – 996
DOI: 10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0972:ROTLPS]2.0.CO;2
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Abstract

Species of the eelpout genus Lycodes with a lateral line configuration containing a complete ventral row of neuromasts and a mediolateral row from above the anal fin origin toward the caudal fin were reviewed. The 434 specimens examined belong to five species: Lycodes albolineatus Andriashev, 1955; Lycodes concolor Gill and Townsend, 1897; Lycodes pallidus Collett, 1878; Lycodes squamiventer Jensen, 1904; and Lycodes paamiuti n. sp. The new species is most closely related to L. pallidus and L. squamiventer and differs mainly in the larger pupil, shorter nostril tube, more anterior intercession of the dorsal fin (first ray associated with vertebra 4–5 (rarely 6) versus 6–9 (rarely 5) in L. pallidus and L. squamiventer). Lycodes paamiuti n. sp. is an Arctic species, occurring on continental slopes in Baffin Bay to the Norwegian Sea, in depths of 350–1300 m. Separation of L. squamiventer from L. pallidus was originally based mainly on the more dense squamation in L. squamiventer, and the validity of the species is here supported by differences in number and size of the pharyngobranchial teeth.

Copyright: The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
 Fig. 1. 
 Fig. 1. 

Sample sites. ★ = Lycodes albolineatus, X = Lycodes concolor, ▾ = Lycodes paamiuti n. sp., • = Lycodes pallidus, and ▪ = Lycodes squamiventer. One symbol may represent more than one trawl haul with several specimens

 Fig. 2. 
 Fig. 2. 

(A) Lycodes albolineatus, holotype, ZIN 34582, 505 mm SL, male; (B) Lycodes concolor ZMUC P762861, 290 mm SL, female; (C) Lycodes pallidus, lectotype, ZMUO J4541, 90 mm SL, female; (D) Lycodes squamiventer, lectotype, ZMUC 235, 238 mm SL, male. Scale = 5 cm

 Fig. 3. 
 Fig. 3. 

Otoliths (left sagitta). (A) Lycodes albolineatus ZIN 46306, 394 mm SL, male; (B) Lycodes paamiuti n. sp. ZMUC P763186, 187 mm SL, female; (C) Lycodes pallidus ZMUC P764736, 199 mm SL, female; (D) Lycodes squamiventer ZMUC P763910, 173 mm SL, female. Scale = 1 mm

 Fig. 4. 
 Fig. 4. 

(A) Lycodes paamiuti n. sp., holotype, ZMUC P762724, male, 216 mm SL, eastern Davis Strait; (B) Outline drawing of the same specimen indicating the lateral line system. Scale = 1 cm. Drawing by Birgitte Rubæk, ZMUC

 Fig. 7. 
 Fig. 7. 

Anteriormost left pharyngobranchial bone. (A–B) Lycodes paamiuti n. sp., ZMUC P763056, male, 197 mm SL; (C–D) Lycodes pallidus, ZMUC P764259, male, 213 mm SL; (E–F) Lycodes squamiventer, ZMUC P761330, male, 183 mm SL. Scale = 1 mm

 Fig. 5. 
 Fig. 5. 

Lycodes paamiuti n. sp., paratypes, (A) ZMUC P762699, male, 215 mm SL; (B) ZMUC P761364, female, 184 mm SL, Davis Strait, Greenland, fresh; (C) ZMUC P764094, male, 208 mm SL, Denmark Strait. Scale = 5 cm

 Fig. 6. 
 Fig. 6. 

Pupil diameter-standard length correlation. ▴ = Lycodes paamiuti n. sp. (n = 160), ○ = Lycodes pallidus (n = 67), and □ = Lycodes squamiventer (n = 20)

 Fig. 8. 
 Fig. 8. 

Nostril tube-standard length correlation. ▴ = Lycodes paamiuti n. sp. (n = 160), ○ = Lycodes pallidus (n = 67), and □ = Lycodes squamiventer (n = 20)

 Fig. 9. 
 Fig. 9. 

Single most parsimonious tree from phylogenetic analysis of ingroup species, 27 step long, ci = 0.82, ri = 0.62. Black bar represents a unique synapomorphy within Zoarcidae; half-black and half-white bars represent nonhomoplastic derived character states that occur elsewhere within Zoarcidae; white bars represent homoplastic derived character states; striped bars represent reversals

Received: 26 Sept 2000
Accepted: 27 Apr 2001
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