Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 22 Oct 2021

A New Species of Killifish of the Genus Profundulus (Atherinomorpha: Profundulidae) from the Upper Reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican State of Oaxaca

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Page Range: 949 – 957
DOI: 10.1643/i2020156
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Profundulus adani, new species, is described from the upper reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The uniqueness of this new species is supported by morphological and molecular evidence. A combination of color patterns and counts separate P. adani, new species, from its congeners. Profundulus adani, new species, is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of a humeral spot in individuals larger than 45 mm SL. It can further be distinguished from P. balsanus, P. chimalapensis, P. kreiseri, P. oaxacae, P. parentiae, and P. punctatus based on the absence of series of dark dots on the sides of the body. Profundulus adani, new species, shows a faded dark band that extends from the tip of the operculum to the end of the caudal peduncle; this band is absent in P. balsanus and P. parentiae. The new species is described using specimens collected in the upper reaches of the Papaloapan River in the Mexican state of Oaxaca; geographically this represents a significant range expansion and extends the Atlantic slope northernmost limit of the Profundulidae.

Copyright: © 2021 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Known geographic distributions of species in the genus Profundulus. Localities of Profundulus adani depicted by yellow stars. Distributional data from UNICACH-MZ-P and complemented with data from global aggregators such as FishNet2 (accessed through the Fishnet2 Portal, www.fishnet2.net, 2020-12-10) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, 2020).

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Bayesian phylogeny showing relationships of Profundulus adani with respect to other species of Profundulus. Numbers above nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities; * indicates posterior probability ≥ 95. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Profundulus adani, holotype, CNPE-IBUNAM 23796, 64.7 mm SL. Mexico, State of Oaxaca, Arroyo de la Entrada in Santa María Ixcatlán in the municipality of Santa María Ixcatlán, 17°51′3″N, 97°11′57.4″W.

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Live specimen of Profundulus adani, UNICACH-MZ-P 07382. Mexico, State of Oaxaca, Arroyo Nodón, municipality of San Miguel Huatla near the town San Pedro Nodón, 17°47′59″N, 97°8′11.9″W.

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Habitats of Profundulus adani in the Papaloapan River drainage. (A–B) Type locality, Santa Maria Ixcatlan. (C) Arroyo Nodón, close to San Pedro Nodón. (D) Río Huatla.

Contributor Notes

1 Colección de Ictiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, México, CP, 29039, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México; Email: (SED-C) sara.dominguez@unicach.mx; (EV-V) er_velazquez@yahoo.com; and (WAM) wilmatamoros@yahoo.com. Send reprint requests to WAM.
2 Posgrado en Ciencias en Biodiversidad y Conservación de Ecosistemas Tropicales, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, UNICACH, Libramiento Norte #1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, C.P. 29039, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
3 Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605; Email: cmcmahan@fieldmuseum.org.

Associate Editor: W. L. Smith.

Received: 03 Dec 2020
Accepted: 17 May 2021
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