Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 05 May 2021

A New Burrowing Frog of the Odontophrynus americanus Species Group (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from Subtropical Regions of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay

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Page Range: 228 – 244
DOI: 10.1643/h2020056
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A new species of frog of the genus Odontophrynus is described from grassland of the subtropical regions of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay based on morphological, osteological, bioacoustical, cytogenetic, and molecular evidence. The new species is characterized by having medium size; rostral and eye-nostril glandular warts well developed; several long glandular ridges, longitudinally oriented, on dorsum; several medium-sized, nearly rounded, dark-brown dorsal blotches; light mid-dorsal stripe continuous and well defined or restricted to the head and the urostyle regions; and mid-dorsal stripe, interorbital, and dorsolateral bands with a moderately whitish highlight, light brown, or reddish coloration. Additionally, the new species has a skull with nasals slightly separated both from each other and frontoparietals, and frontoparietal fontanelle not exposed. The advertisement call consists of a single multipulsed note with a dominant frequency of 820–1,121 Hz and a pulse rate of 99.3–140.7 pulses/s. The chromosomal complement is diploid with 2N = 2X = 22 chromosomes and nucleolar organizer regions on the interstitial regions of the short arm of chromosome pair 4. The phylogenetic analysis allowed us to recover the new species belonging to the O. americanus species group with genetic distances from its congeners ranging from 2.11 to 4.82% in a partial sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The new species is geographically isolated from the other currently known diploid species of the group, but in some localities is found in sympatry or syntopy with the tetraploid O. americanus.

Copyright: © 2021 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Holotype of Odontophrynus reigi (male, LGE 19810). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views, (C) lateral view of the head, (D) ventral view of the hand, and (E) ventral view of the foot. Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Coloration patterns and variation in glandular warts from adult males of Odontophrynus reigi in life. (A) Holotype, LGE 19810, (B) paratype, LGE 19878, Candelaria, Misiones, (C) paratype, LGE 19848, Capital, Misiones, (D) paratype, ZUFMS-AMP 09655, Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, (E) non-type specimen, LGE 19875, Iguazú, Misiones, and (F) unvouchered specimen, Capital, Misiones.

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Skull of one male of Odontophrynus reigi (MLP A. 5898) from Misiones, Argentina. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

(A) Spectrogram and (B) oscillogram of the advertisement call of one male paratype of Odontophrynus reigi from Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (MAP-V 0175).

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

(A) Karyotype of a female (LGE 19859) of Odontophrynus reigi from Corrientes after staining with Giemsa. Meiotic stages of males: (B) Diplotene, (C) Diakinesis, (D) Metaphase I, and (E) Metaphase II. Chromosomes of pair 4 after Ag-NOR staining: (F) male paratype (LGE 19848) from Misiones, (G) heterozygotic female (LGE 19833) from Corrientes, and (H) triploid male (LGE 13289) from Misiones. Arrows indicate the position of secondary constrictions. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Tree for genus Odontophrynus inferred from Bayesian analysis of partial sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Values adjacent to branch nodes indicate posterior probabilities. Scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers after each species name. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.

Geographic distribution of Odontophrynus reigi. The red star indicates the type locality. Ecoregions follow Olson et al. (2001).

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.

A temporary pond near Parque Provincial Profundidad, Profundidad, Misiones, where Odontophrynus reigi breeds.

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9.

Variation in glandular warts and coloration patterns in species belonging to the Odontophrynus americanus species group. Characters indicated: (1) longitudinally oriented dorsal glandular ridges, (2) dark-brown dorsal blotches, and (3) light mid-dorsal stripe. (A) O. reigi highlighting the glandular warts (LGE 19871), (B) O. lavillai (FML 5305), (C) O. maisuma (LGE 19656), (D) O. reigi highlighting the coloration pattern (ZUFMS-AMP 07620), (E) O. cordobae (CENAI 0402), and (F) O. juquinha (UFMG 5598).

Contributor Notes

1 Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Avenida 122 y 60, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Email: sergiorosset@gmail.com. Send reprint requests to this address.
2 Mapinguari–Laboratório de Biogeografia e Sistemática de Anfíbios e Répteis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Avenida Costa e Silva S/N–79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Email: (RMF) fadel.renata@yahoo.com.br; (CSG) sguimaraes.carla@gmail.com; (PSC) pricarvalho.bio@gmail.com; (KC) adenomera@gmail.com; (MP) mariana.pedrozo.24@gmail.com; (RS) renata.serejo.martins@gmail.com; (VSS) vic.ssouza@hotmail.com; and (SM) sarahmangia@yahoo.com.br.
3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
4 Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical “Claudio Juan Bidau” (CONICET-UNaM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Félix de Azara 1552, Posadas, N3300LQF, Misiones, Argentina; Email: diegobaldo@gmail.com.
Received: 10 Apr 2020
Accepted: 21 Oct 2020
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