Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 09 Oct 2020

Two New Species of Pseudojuloides from Western Australia and Southern Japan, with a Redescription of Pseudojuloides elongatus (Teleostei: Labridae)

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Page Range: 551 – 569
DOI: 10.1643/CI-19-316
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The anti-equatorial labrid Pseudojuloides elongatus has a wide but disjunct distribution across the Western Pacific and Eastern Indian Oceans, with populations occurring in Western Australia, southern Japan, and the southwest Pacific Ocean. Principal component analysis of morphological characters and coalescent-based species-tree estimates of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers suggest that these populations are under incipient stages of divergence. The three allopatric populations differ strongly in coloration patterns of both sexes, particularly in terminal males, suggestive of reproductive isolation. We redescribe Pseudojuloides elongatus on the basis of nine paratypes and two additional specimens from eastern Australia and Norfolk Island, and describe two new species, Pseudojuloides crux, new species, from Western Australia, and P. paradiseus, new species, from southern Japan. The complex is distinguished from other members of the genus in sharing the following combination of characters: body elongate; dorsal-fin rays IX,12; pectoral-fin rays 12; no median predorsal scales; and usually 27 lateral-line scales. We briefly comment on anti-equatorial biogeographical patterns and Pseudojuloides argyreogaster from the Western Indian Ocean.

Copyright: © 2020 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

(A) Principal component analysis of 13 meristic and 25 morphometric characters and (B) loading plot for all specimens of Pseudojuloides elongatus (sensu lato) from Western Australia (n = 13), southwest Pacific Ocean (n = 11), and southern Japan (n = 10). AO = anal-fin origin; DO = dorsal-fin origin; LL = lateral line. (C) Species tree estimated using a multispecies-coalescent approach in ASTRAL. Branch lengths are estimated only for internal branches (in coalescent units), which directly measure the amount of discordance between gene trees. Lengths of terminal branches and the internal branch descending from the root are arbitrary. Values at nodes correspond to local posterior probabilities and likelihood bootstrap support, respectively.

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

X-radiographs of Pseudojuloides elongatus (sensu lato). Images not to scale. (A) AMS I.17743-004, 69.3 mm SL, male paratype, Watsons Bay, Sydney Harbor; (B) WAM P.25368-001, 100.7 mm SL, Tantabiddy Creek, Western Australia; (C) KPM-NI 43448, 103.0 mm SL, Izu Oceanic Park. Radiographs by A. Hay and S. E. Reader (A, B) and H. Senou (C).

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Underwater photographs of Pseudojuloides elongatus (sensu stricto) from eastern Australia: (A) male, approximately 120 mm TL, 8 m, North Solitary Island, New South Wales, Australia; (B) male, approximately 150 mm TL, 10 m, Cabbage Tree Bay, Manly Beach; (C) male, approximately 100 mm TL, aquarium specimen collected from Sydney Harbor. Specimen not retained. Photographs by I. Shaw, J. Sear, and R. H. Kuiter, respectively.

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Underwater photograph of Pseudojuloides elongatus (sensu stricto), female, approximately 100 mm TL, 9 m, North Solitary Island, New South Wales, Australia. Photo by I. Shaw.

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Distribution records for Pseudojuloides elongatus (sensu lato): Western Australia (pink), southern Japan (purple), and southwest Pacific (blue). Type locality is represented by an outlined circle. The equator and tropic lines are represented by solid and dashed orange lines, respectively.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Underwater photographs of Pseudojuloides crux, new species, from a reef off Tantabiddy Creek, North-West Cape, Western Australia: (A) male holotype, WAM P.25368-001, 100.7 mm SL; (B) female paratype, WAM P.25368-038, 79.2 mm SL. Photographs by G. R. Allen.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.

Paratype of Pseudojuloides crux, new species, AMS I.48996-001, 97.7 mm SL, male paratype collected from southwest of Eagle Hawk Island in the Dampier Archipelago. (A) Freshly euthanized showing post-mortem coloration; (B) freshly preserved showing bluish coloration. Photographs by J. Gill and Y. K. Tea, respectively.

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.

Specimens of Pseudojuloides paradiseus, new species, collected from Izu Oceanic Park, Jogasaki-Kaigan, east coast of Izu Peninsula, west of Sagami Bay, Japan. (A) Freshly euthanized male holotype, KPM-NI 43448, 103.0 mm SL; (B) preserved male holotype, KPM-NI 43448, 103.0 mm SL; (C) freshly euthanized female paratype, KPM-NI 43449, 62.5 mm SL. Photographs by H. Senou (A, C) and Y. K. Tea (B).

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9.

Males of Pseudojuloides paradiseus, new species: (A) male from Okino-shima Island, Munakata, Fukuoka, northwestern Kyushu; (B) male, approximately 150 mm TL, underwater photo in 15 m, Izu Oceanic Park, Shiuoka Prefecture, Japan. Photographs by Y. Yogo and K. Nishiyama, respectively.

Fig. 10.
Fig. 10.

Underwater photographs of Pseudojuloides paradiseus, new species, from Izu Oceanic Park, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan: (A) male, approximately 150 mm TL, photographed in 15 m; (B) male, approximately 150 mm TL, photographed in 15 m; (C) female, approximately 100 mm TL, photographed in 12 m. Photographs by K. Nishiyama.

Fig. 11.
Fig. 11.

Underwater photograph of Pseudojuloides argyreogaster from Seychelles. Note the green body coloration and blue facial markings similar to those in Pseudojuloides elongatus. Photograph by R. Daly.

Contributor Notes

1 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Email: (YKT) yi-kai.tea@sydney.edu.au. Send reprint requests to YKT.
2 Ichthyology, Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
3 Chau Chak Wing Museum, Macleay Collections and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, A12—Macleay Building, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Email: anthony.c.gill@sydney.edu.au.
4 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan; Email: senou@nh.kanagawa-museum.jp.
Received: 29 Oct 2019
Accepted: 09 Apr 2020
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