Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 05 Jul 2016

A New Southern Caribbean Species of Angel Shark (Chondrichthyes, Squaliformes, Squatinidae), Including Phylogeny and Tempo of Diversification of American Species

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Page Range: 577 – 585
DOI: 10.1643/CI-15-292
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A new species of Squatina, S. david, is described from the Colombian Caribbean. The new species differs from all the western North Atlantic angel sharks by lacking a mid-dorsal line of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles, by having an eye-spiracle distance larger than 1.5 times eye diameter, and each nasal flap with two rod-like barbels. Coloration is grayish to brownish yellow, males are dark-spotted, females have abundant whitish spots. Squatina david is nested within the American clade of angel sharks, being the sister species to the Brazilian species.

<bold>Fig. 1. </bold>
Fig. 1. 

(A–B) Squatina david, new species. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252. Zoom on mid-dorsal line, highlighting lack of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles.


<bold>Fig. 2. </bold>
Fig. 2. 

(A–B) Dorsal head view of Squatina david. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250; upper arrow points to spiracle and lower one to the eye, highlighting difference in size. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252.


<bold>Fig. 3. </bold>
Fig. 3. 

(A–B) Ventral head view of Squatina david. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252.


<bold>Fig. 4. </bold>
Fig. 4. 

Ventral scheme of nasal barbels and labial furrows of male Squatina david.


<bold>Fig. 5. </bold>
Fig. 5. 

(A–B) Dorsal fins of Squatina david. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252.


<bold>Fig. 6. </bold>
Fig. 6. 

Time-calibrated hypothesis of 18 species of Squatina. Maximum clade credibility tree of three independent BEAST runs using a combined data set (COI and 16S) of 1170 bp. Red bars relate to 95 HPD of estimated divergence. Black circles correspond to posterior probabilities higher than 0.95. Gray circles are bonded to values between 0.95 and 0.90. White circles represent all those supporting values lower than 0.90.


<bold>Fig. 7. </bold>
Fig. 7. 

Chronogram of American species of Squatina. Color bars match geographical distribution. Black circles correspond to posterior probabilities higher than 0.95, and gray circles correspond to values between 0.95 and 0.90.


Contributor Notes

Associate Editor: C. Beachy.

Received: 26 May 2015
Accepted: 01 Nov 2015
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