Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 31 Jul 2015

Wallace’s Pike Cichlid Gets a Name after 160 Years: A New Species of Cichlid Fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Upper Rio Negro in Brazil

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Page Range: 512 – 519
DOI: 10.1643/CI-14-169
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A cichlid species first collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the upper Rio Negro in 1852, lost during the transport to England but documented in drawings, is described as Crenicichla monicae on the basis of three specimens collected by the Swedish Amazonas Expedition 1923–1925. Crenicichla monicae is most similar to C. johanna, C. rosemariae, and one undescribed species which are characterized by cycloid scales, distinguishing them from other species of the genus in which most scales are ctenoid. Crenicichla monicae is recorded only from the lower Rio Uaupés and lower Rio Içana, tributaries of the upper Rio Negro, and is sympatric with the similar species C. johanna and C. lenticulata. It is distinguished from all other species of Crenicichla by the color pattern in females, with scattered dark spots on the upper half of the side and on the dorsal and caudal fins. Crenicichla monicae is a member of the C. lugubris species group, characterized by very small scales in a large number along the middle of the side (89–126 scales in E1 row), blunt snout, and particular ontogenetic transformation of color pattern.

Uma espécie de ciclídeo coletada por Alfred Russell Wallace no alto Rio Negro em 1852, que foi perdida no transporte à Inglaterra mas documentada em desenhos, é descrita como Crenicichla monicae com base em três espécimes coletados pela Swedish Amazonas Expedition 1923–1925. Crenicichla monicae é semelhante a C. johanna, C. rosemariae e uma espécie ainda não descrita por possuir escamas ciclóides no corpo distinguindo-as das demais espécies do gênero nas quais a maioria das escamas é ctenóide. Crenicichla monicae é conhecida apenas do baixo Rio Uaupés e baixo Rio Içana, ambos tributários do alto Rio Negro, e é simpátrica com as espécies C. johanna e C. lenticulata, às quais é similar. A nova espécie é distinta de todas as outras espécies do gênero pelo padrão de colorido das fêmeas, que possuem manchas escuras espalhadas na metade superior dos flancos e nas nadadeiras dorsal e caudal. Ela pertence ao grupo de espécies C. lugubris, caracterizado pelas escamas muito pequenas e em grande número nos flancos (89–126 ou mais escamas na série E1), focinho rombudo e mudança ontogenética de colorido peculiar.

Copyright: © 2015 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Crenicichla monicae: (A) holotype, MZUSP 115494, female, 224.3 mm SL, Brazil, Rio Negro, Taracuá; (B) paratype, ZSM 28113, male, 272.5 mm SL, same locality as holotype; (C) paratype, NRM 66233, young female, 178.2 mm SL, probably collected with the holotype in the upper Rio Negro.


Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Crenicichla monicae, paratype, NRM 66233, 178.2 mm SL: (A) lateral and (B) approximately dorsal aspect of head to show dark markings.


Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Crenicichla monicae, lower pharyngeal tooth plate in dorsal (above), caudal (middle), and laterodorsal (below) aspects, from holotype MZUSP 115494. Scale bar 5 mm.


Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Map of the Rio Uaupés and upper Rio Negro with the reported localities of Crenicichla monicae. T—type locality (white circle) in the lower Rio Uaupés at the village of Taracuá; 1–specimens identified from drawings or photos, observed at Trovão and the Uaupés near the mouth (Windisch, 2000); 2–Nossa Senhora da Guia on the Rio Içana and the tributary Rio Cubate (Wallace in Toledo-Piza Ragazzo, 2002); 3–fishes probably imported through airport of Mitú, Colombia, tentatively identified from photos.


Contributor Notes

Associate Editor: R. E. Reis.

Received: 13 Oct 2014
Accepted: 18 Feb 2015
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