Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: Nov 08, 2023

Revision of the Indo-Pacific Genus Centrogenys Richardson, 1842 (Centrogenyidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species from Australia

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Page Range: 503 – 521
DOI: 10.1643/i2022103
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A taxonomic revision of the genus Centrogenys (family: Centrogenyidae), having previously been regarded as monotypic (also monotypic family) represented by Centrogenys vaigiensis, resulted in the recognition of three species, including two new species from Australia, Centrogenys algrahami, new species, and Centrogenys pogonoskii, new species. The two other nominal species of the genus, Centropristes scorpenoides and Sebastes stoliczkae, were regarded as junior synonyms of C. vaigiensis. Centrogenys vaigiensis is readily distinguished from the two new species by lacking scale patches on the membranes between dorsal-fin spines (a small patch of scales present on each interspinous membrane of the third to last dorsal-fin spines in the two new species). Centrogenys algrahami, new species, is characterized by having fewer body scales, including 31–36 pored lateral-line scales (vs. 37–44 in C. vaigiensis and 39–46 in C. pogonoskii, new species) and 31–36 scale rows in longitudinal series (vs. 36–43 and 39–47), and a slightly greater number of pectoral-fin rays 14–16 (modally 15; vs. 12–15 [modally 14] in C. vaigiensis and C. pogonoskii, new species). Moreover, C. pogonoskii, new species, is distinguished from the two congeners by the presence of squamation on the lateral side of the snout (in specimens >34 mm SL), whereas it is naked in the congeners. The status of the three species resulting from the morphological analysis was also strongly supported by molecular evidence of a partial sequence of the COI gene. Centrogenys vaigiensis is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, ranging from Mauritius east to Indonesia and north to southern Japan. In contrast, Centrogenys algrahami, new species, and Centrogenys pogonoskii, new species, are restricted to Australia.

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Copyright: © 2023 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Holotypes of (A) Scorpaena vaigiensisQuoy and Gaimard, 1824 (also holotype of Centropristes scorpenoides Cuvier [inCuvier and Valenciennes, 1829]; MNHN 0000-3045, 89.0 mm SL, Waigeo, Indonesia); (B) Sebastes stoliczkaeDay, 1875 (taken from Day, 1875: pl. 36-fig. 1, Nicobar Islands, Andaman Sea); (C) Centrogenys algrahami, new species (CSIRO H 7660-06, 61.4 mm SL, Queensland, Australia); and (D) Centrogenys pogonoskii, new species (AMS I.34301-013, 96.5 mm SL, Queensland, Australia).

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Fresh specimens of Centrogenys vaigiensis at different growth stages. (A) FRLM 40062, 30.7 mm SL, Indonesia; (B) FRLM 43963, 72.9 mm SL, Malaysia; (C) FRLM 43965, 74.8 mm SL, Malaysia; (D) BPBM 18453, 79.7 mm SL, Philippines; (E) BPBM 26783, 1 of 7 specimens, 89.6 mm SL, Indonesia; (F) KAUM-I. 8985, 102.7 mm SL, Japan. Photos by FRLM (A–C); J. Randall (D, E; BPBM); KAUM (F); used with permission.

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

(A) Relationship between fleshy interorbital width (% of SL) and standard length (mm) in Centrogenys vaigiensis (circles), C. algrahami, new species (diamonds), and C. pogonoskii, new species (triangles); and dorsal views of head of preserved specimens of (B) C. vaigiensis (AMS I.28978-003, 96.3 mm SL) and (C) C. pogonoskii, new species (AMS I.34301-013, holotype, 96.5 mm SL). Bars indicate 5 mm.

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Relationships between standard length (mm) and presence of scale patches on interspinous dorsal-fin membranes (indicated by anteriormost patch) in (A) Centrogenys vaigiensis (circles), (B) C. algrahami, new species (diamonds), and (C) C. pogonoskii, new species (triangles); and photographs of dorsal-fin spinous portions (cyanine blue stained) in preserved specimens of (D) C. vaigiensis (FRLM 23602, 100.1 mm SL), (E) C. algrahami, new species (CSIRO H6549-04, 59.9 mm SL), and (F) C. pogonoskii, new species (AMS I.34301-013, holotype, 96.5 mm SL). Drawings associated with E and F indicate scale patches on 5th interspinous membrane (bars indicate 1 mm).

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Relationships between number of scales on lateral side of snout and standard length (mm) in (A) Centrogenys vaigiensis (circles), (B) C. algrahami, new species (diamonds), and (C) C. pogonoskii, new species (triangles); and dorsolateral views of snout (cyanine blue stained) in preserved specimens of (D) C. vaigiensis (FRLM 23602, 100.1 mm SL), (E) C. algrahami, new species (CSIRO H 7660-06, holotype, 61.4 mm SL), and (F, G) C. pogonoskii, new species (F: AMS I.34301-013, holotype, 96.5 mm SL; G: CSIRO H7667-04, 61.1 mm SL). AN and PN indicate anterior and posterior nostrils.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Preserved specimens of (A–D) Centrogenys vaigiensis; (E–G) C. algrahami, new species; and (H–K) C. pogonoskii, new species, at different growth stages. (A) FRLM 23602, 100.1 mm SL; (B) NSMT-P 50476, 65.1 mm SL; (C) FRLM 44015, 47.9 mm SL; (D) USNM 245611, 35.3 mm SL; (E) CSIRO H 7660-06, holotype, 61.4 mm SL; (F) QM I.15834, 47.6 mm SL; (G) CSIRO H6904-06, 36.6 mm SL; (H) AMS I.34301-013, holotype, 96.5 mm SL; (I) CSIRO H7667-04, 61.1 mm SL; (J) AMS I.34311-036, 47.0 mm SL; (K) QM I.34719, 1 of 22 specimens, 34.0 mm SL.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.

Distributional map of Centrogenys vaigiensis (circles), C. algrahami, new species (diamonds), and C. pogonoskii, new species (triangles) based on examined specimens; with frequency distribution of sampling depth (m) of specimens (mean value calculated for sampling depth when original data are expressed as range).

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.

Fresh paratypes of (A–C) Centrogenys algrahami, new species, and (D–F) C. pogonoskii, new species, from Queensland, Australia. (A) CSIRO H6549-04, 59.9 mm SL; (B) CSIRO H8033-03, 55.2 mm SL; (C) CSIRO H6149-06, 48.5 mm SL; (D) CSIRO H6895-02, 84.3 mm SL; (E) CSIRO H7667-04, 61.1 mm SL; (F) CSIRO H6441-05, 58.4 mm SL. Photos by D. Gledhill (A–C, E, F; CSIRO) and L. Conboy (D; CSIRO); used with permission.

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9.

Relationships between (A) body depth at pelvic-fin origin, (B) head length, (C) orbit diameter, and (D) postorbital length (all as % of SL) and standard length (mm) in Centrogenys vaigiensis (circles), C. algrahami, new species (diamonds), and C. pogonoskii, new species (triangles).

Fig. 10.
Fig. 10.

Maximum-likelihood tree based on sequence variations of partial mitochondrial DNA COI gene (577 bp). Sequences indicated by BOLD ID. Numbers at branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (%) following 200 bootstrap replications. Scale bar equals 0.05 of Tamura and Nei’s (1993) distance. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

Contributor Notes

1  The Kyoto University Museum, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8317, Japan; Email: matsunuma.mizuki.5m@kyoto-u.ac.jp. Send correspondence to this address.
2  Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane QLD 4101, Australia; Email: Jeff.Johnson@qm.qld.gov.au.

Associate Editor: M. T. Craig.

Received: Dec 15, 2022
Accepted: Jun 06, 2023